Measure Audio Latency

To determine actual latency using the COMMA_ALIGN_LATENCY register, use the following procedure: Latency = 2*Internal Data Width + DRP value from COMMA_ALIGN_LATENCY register. This method used a black bar to keep pace with the measured joint rotating at a number of speeds. It is shown in the No Bluetooth column (see the table below). As the MOS is a prediction of the end-user experience of audio quality, it is important to constantly measure it. Set it in front of a monitor with your vMix output. There are two normal factors that significantly influence the latency of a consumer device (like a cable modem, dsl modem or dial-up modem). System latency is additive, so each step in the processing chain adds a portion to the overall transmission latency. Switching to USB audio device gave you a new device driver for calculating stream time (Microsoft driver) appears to not have the same errors in stream time. Connect your pair to see how. Over the past couple decades, digital audio gear has become increasingly common in nearly every area of audio production and reinforcement. In this paper, I’ll outline some of the most useful techniques, based on my work with companies in telecommunications and HFT. 3)AirPods, just like any bluetooth device, add extra latency to the signal path - you can't say. It is this round-trip time is considered to be the latency. It's best that you perform an experiment to measure your actual latency. To calculate total latency: Measure amount of audio submitted. It is designed as an on-field tool for video and audio equipment designers and QA specialist to get fast understanding what are to latency. The higher this setting is, the less stress is placed upon your computer CPU - at the expense of increased delay/latency. Audio ahead by 5/60ths of a second. outputs 9 & 10). This “TH Latency Measurement” Max for Live patch allow you to measure the latency between 2 channels. We can only guess about your rig. measured the latency of a Polhemus Isotrak magnetic tracking. It'll also recommend SolarWinds ® VoIP & Network Quality Manager (VNQM) as a tool for jitter monitoring, and provide an outline of the software's most notable features ( skip to VNQM description ). Unless you are using extraordinarily long cable runs, the latency of a length of wire is effectively zero. There are two main sources of latency: 1. I can't get rid of the latency. The result will be two identical signals, one delayed with respect to the other. It may help to find the cause for interruptions in real-time audio and video streams, also known as drop-outs. Set "Number of Measures (bars)" to 2, and set the "Beat Sound" to Ping. 1 Audio backend: ALSA (OSS does not show the DAC+, portaudio requires abnormaly large blocksizes to avoid dropouts, Jack does not work with the I2C on the Satellite kernel). (2005) did not measure onset latency and performance is likely poor since the system was not optimized for that aspect of sound delivery. 28ms perbyte, but a latency of 100ms, 50 times worse than the 4800 bps serialconnection. If your latency is not 100 ms or less, use the. The title of this thread would have been something more along the lines of "lowest latency soundcards", had it not been for the fact that measuring and determining REAL latency is as much a nightmare for the sound world as it is for measuring the lag in the LCD monitor display world (another painful and deep rabbit hole for many). The device and software processing latency, along with network latency, have a great impact on and contribute to the end-to-end overall latency and the end user's experience. DOWNLOADS RESOURCES LIBRARY FOR CENTRANCE PRODUCTS CEntrance offers the following downloads Complementary CEntrance Universal Driver™ The CEntrance Universal Driver offers the following features: • Aggregation of multiple MicPort units for Windows XP and Vista• Low 6 ms round trip latency and high stability• ASIO2 interface for use with with Steinberg’s Cubase/Nuendo• GSIF2. 1) I am using the DIRAC Live room calibration system (as implemented in the miniSDP SHD). Connect your pair to see how. However, sometimes you need to measure latencies added by components outside of your control, for instance the audio APIs provided by the operating system, the audio drivers, or even the hardware itself. Here are some comparisons between USB and Thunderbolt latency between our (Focusrite) Clarett TBT and Scarlett/Clarett USB interfaces. Doing this measurement will enable JACK clients that use the JACK latency API to accurately position/delay audio to keep signals synchronized even when there are inherent delays in the end-to-end signal pathways. MacBook 2GHz, OSX 10. Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops administrators can configure HDX to get better network throughput over high latency connections. The buffer is a buffered set of samples between your sound hardware and your computer. This works well for relatively high frequencies, because many cycles are likely to be counted during gate interval. Tri-modal latency. The environment and surrounding area where users are meeting and using audio and video devices is another big factor for audio and video quality. BC127 Low Latency Audio using APTX from BlueCreation. Window’s audio chain is known to have latency. We tested with a variety of audio hardware interfaces, audio drivers, buffering and related configuration settings, and scheduling modes. Well 170 bpm, 16 notes per bar means 11,3 notes per second and 4,2375 notes in the time you say would be negligible. The solution. WebRTC: Higher Price Tag, Lower-Latency Streaming The main difference between media streaming and live video calling is the intensity: Live video calling requires much more “presence” on both ends. Let the test run for at least 15 minutes (it has been suggested that the longer the better let it run for a day or overnight for instance) while you run glxgears or a similar application to stress the cpu. CPU Trade-off 12. For instrumentation I used an RME Fireface UFX USB audio interface, along with the FIRCapture measurement program. DEFINITIONS: Latency is the time it takes the RTP (media) packets to traverse the network. iOS and Android Audio Latency Test App. The minimal latency was obtained through manual testing of a variety of buffer settings to determine the optimal settings for each system. Measuring latency. High latency manifests as lag in games and can lead to significant delays between your input and your character’s action. The Latency Bundle is a tool for measuring and compensating latency, purpose-built for Logic Pro. How Latency is Measured. It's basically the amount of time between when audio data leaves your device, and when you actually hear it. 5mm analog audio output of my iPad Pro playing signals in its Music app. While many kinds of audio latency metrics exist, one useful and well-understood metric is round-trip latency, defined as the time it takes for an audio signal to enter the input of a mobile device, be processed by an app running on the application processor, and exit the output. On Dec 16, 12:51 pm, Glenn Kasten wrote: > The Nexus S phone does not claim the > android. We have some amazing plugins in development, but for now all we have available is RTL Utility, a tool for measuring audio device latency. It is a measure of the average amount of time it takes for a signal or data to travel through a path, usually measured in milliseconds. Multiple button presses are combined to calculate an average. Now it gets more interesting. Reply: Tom Pincince: "Re: [linux-audio-dev] lowish-latency patch and toolchain" I now have six fs-related rescheduling points and as long as one avoids doing silly things, the scheduling latency is reliably 4 milliseconds on. The device and software processing latency, along with network latency, have a great impact on and contribute to the end-to-end overall latency and the end user's experience. See full list on blog. My camera is HD-SDI CCTV camera and Frame grabber, Nvidia GPU i am connecting between camera and monitor. Understanding the Challenge of Latency Optimization. The NxH3670 runs a proprietary wireless audio streaming protocol which has been optimized for wireless gaming headset applications, providing high-quality forward audio streaming at low latency (20ms) combined with a simultaneous voice microphone backchannel. Latency is introduced by your device when it processes audio and communicates with hardware such as speakers and microphones. With my music servers the strongest correlation I’ve found to better sound is lower latency. Udp Latency Test The resulting summary information at the end of the ping test will provide an average RTT which can then be used to determine the Maximum Theoretical Throughput. Joined: Feb 21, 2018 Posts: 10. The earliest components derive from electrical processes within the inner ear and action potentials in the auditory nerve. The response is often a change in what’s displayed on the screen, or what’s heard through audio feedback. The users interact with each other, and are aware of each other at all times. log('Low latency canvas supported. Multiple button presses are combined to calculate an average. 8 thoughts on “ Measuring Web Latency In The Browser ” Michael Mather says: July 21, 2018 at 5:14 am This (like ping itself) provides a cool way to estimate a lower bound to the speed of light. Again, we measure the latency with the DAW software three times to get the final aptX (LL) latency number. Send audio out one channel, receive that audio into another, then run it through the M4L patch to view the delay in milliseconds and samples. It is designed as an on-field tool for video and audio equipment designers and QA specialist to get fast understanding what are to latency. Differences in latency. Latency is the measure of how much time elapses between when an action is initiated and when its effects become visible. By using these schemes, a more accurate and consistent view is computed and presented to the user. Whichever you choose to use for the tests on your network, try to keep all records in the same test category. Here, the total round trip latency is 3106 frames approx. The word "jitter" describes variations in latency over time, and is a sub-component of latency performance. Audio signals Pico products for measuring audio signals. if you want to make a practical measurement, including the internal latency of an audio interface, you can do the following: create a daw track with a square pulse, send it out an interface output which you connect right back to an input, then play the pulse while recording the input. If you’re targeting Silverlight 1. Doing this measurement will enable JACK clients that use the JACK latency API to accurately position/delay audio to keep signals synchronized even when there are inherent delays in the end-to-end signal pathways. log('Low latency canvas not supported. Audio Measure Audio Latency. Joined: Feb 21, 2018 Posts: 10. Its data rates run between 280 and 420 kbps, and its latency is said. 8:10 Constant latency mode = 4. Your results will be different, but just as an example, performing this test in my own home environment with a dual-band 802. What this does is force the PulseAudio system to resynchronize the audio being sent to your headset/speakers by switching profiles from ad2p -> hsp -> a2dp, thus hopefully getting rid of any latency. These events can be inside or outside of a computer. write(), or read audio data from the stream using pyaudio. How do you measure network latency in Windows ? I know ping as one of the tool. The environment and surrounding area where users are meeting and using audio and video devices is another big factor for audio and video quality. We both used external USB audio interfaces, we both used wired ethernet connections, we have the same ISP, and we live in the same neighborhood, so these are pretty ideal conditions for low-latency audio. RFC 1242 draws a distinction between store and forward devices and bit forwarding devices, but latency measures from when the last of the data leaves an output to when the first of the data reaches the input. Relative latency (inter-peak latency): is the time interval between two components and measures the conduction of the impulse between two generators. To measure latency, I used a true end-to-end test: I put my microphone and headphones very close, and Roger Day put his headphones right onto. Join our large community of Audiophiles, Engineers and DIYers using our innovative products. 1 – The Signal Chain. Remember, this thread is for audio problems when using the XPS 15z over wireless only where massive latency spikes occur as shown below: Please Note: Disabling the Atheros Wired adapter does not solve this problem, this suggestion is for a different problem but will make no difference to the problem described in this thread. High latency manifests as lag in games and can lead to significant delays between your input and your character’s action. In this article I suggest that the specifications of a video game should always include a measure called "response time" (also called "lag", "controller lag", or "input latency"). Every browser introduces some amount of latency and jank. It also features a test signal output and a measuring input to test devices for their inherent latency. Jitter and the Packet loss should also be measured frequently. Measure Latency will calculate the time between an Echo button press and the information arriving in the cloud for processing. However, our system is actually tri-modal. Because in addition to the optically visible latency of the pixels as a result of our mouse action, we can also measure the latency of the acoustic signal (e. 1 Audio backend: ALSA (OSS does not show the DAC+, portaudio requires abnormaly large blocksizes to avoid dropouts, Jack does not work with the I2C on the Satellite kernel). We have measured the total system latencies of MacOS 10. So minimizing latency in communications systems is critical, and for video and audio, you need to measure it in a black-box fashion from outside the system to be sure. It is more convenient to send the TV, CD player, MP3 or other audio source to the Bluetooth speaker or Bluetooth headset through the Bluetooth transmission mode of the product; Because it uses low-latency technology, it also supports online gaming, television, and movie sound transmission in real time. Using the default iOS keyboard and his own game Tapt as means of measuring this latency, Coyle discovered that the ‌AirPods Pro‌ have the lowest average audio latency (measured in milliseconds) among the entire ‌AirPods‌ line. 5) Undertake a multi-speaker measurement in your own home. Cinebench, on the other hand, displays no. Latency is the delay in transit as an audio signal performs a trip through your interface. There are many performance issues that can affect VoIP communications including jitter, latency, and packet loss. – hotpaw2 Feb 28 '15 at 8:38 @hotpaw2 a simulated guitar on an iPhone is a different instrument than a real guitar. This “TH Latency Measurement” Max for Live patch allow you to measure the latency between 2 channels. So minimizing latency in communications systems is critical, and for video and audio, you need to measure it in a black-box fashion from outside the system to be sure. High latency is oftentimes referred to as lag. Play around with the ASIO buffer size, assuming you're on Windows. In games, any delay in input can affect the outcome of an event in the games. Latency Delay is an auxiliary AAX, AudioUnit, and VST audio plugin which allows you to compensate latency produced by any audio plugins, instruments and processes which produce latency but do not try to report it to the audio host application. Request PDF | Audio and Gesture Latency Measurements on Linux and OSX | We have measured the total system latencies of MacOS 10. Use Impulse Response to Add Reverb to an Audio Signal Time-domain convolution of an input frame with a long impulse response adds latency equal to the length of the impulse response. For home audio, a big latency value almost does not matter, except real-time sound adjusting. It is this round-trip time is considered to be the latency. RFC 1242 draws a distinction between store and forward devices and bit forwarding devices, but latency measures from when the last of the data leaves an output to when the first of the data reaches the input. However, you can only go as low as your system will allow. A lot of this comes from developers trying to exploit the concurrency possible in modern systems. The good news is that with relatively modern hardware and software, it is possible to accurately measure time intervals as small as (some smallish number of) nanoseconds. What you want from your DAW software is to accurately measure both input and output latency of audio handling in your computer, and automatically compensate for this latency when placing audio. Before you can get MIDI input or input monitoring to work with out a delay, you will need to make some adjustments in your software's audio options. Latency in the Physical Domain - Part 1 4. Pico Oscilloscope Range. So because people kept asking I ran RTL Utility to measure round trip latency for both the Maschine MK3's interface and the new Komplete Audio 2. One output goes to the receiver antenna input and the other output goes to the external trigger of the digital storage scope. if you want to make a practical measurement, including the internal latency of an audio interface, you can do the following: create a daw track with a square pulse, send it out an interface output which you connect right back to an input, then play the pulse while recording the input. A large number of wireless access points require a centralized. Connects up to 64 channels of Apogee I/O to any Thunderbolt-equipped Mac; Operates at sample rates from 44. This is the most important parameter when we are talking about online games or calls. Super-fast response times have been a key promise of 5G for some time, but real-world latency improvements are still a long way off. DEFINITIONS: Latency is the time it takes the RTP (media) packets to traverse the network. Spikes of high DPC latency can cause a computer to slow to a crawl for a few seconds before speeding up again in super-speed to catch up, then repeating a number of seconds later. As for the I2S input to audio output, different EQ introduces various group delay for different frequency audio content. The device and software processing latency, along with network latency, have a great impact on and contribute to the end-to-end overall latency and the end user's experience. You can set weight, fill mode, color and transparency of measurement and save measurement result. 4% gain from 3. Minimize jitter caused by interrupts, timers and other applications interfering with your workload. Measure the amount of audio processed. The buffer size is defined in Live's audio preferences. GL has developed MAPS™ Timing Measurements in Air Traffic Management test suite to accurately simulate end points in ATM network and provide critical timing measurements for various types of delay occurrences in signaling and voice transmission through the network. I've used DPC Latency checker and LatencyMon to identify the drivers having the problem. Conexant/Windows 7 Latency (Delay) from Line-In. High latency manifests as lag in games and can lead to significant delays between your input and your character’s action. Geostationary satellite latency and time delay ms Most communications satellites are located in the Geostationary Orbit (GSO) at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km above the equator. Latency is measured in the seconds, milliseconds, microseconds. For measuring high-quality audio signals and for audio spectrum analysis the PicoScope 4000 Series precision oscilloscopes are ideal. Latency is measured as one-way or Round-trip Time (RTT). However, with 1903 there is Latency problems. Setting the I/O Buffer Size 10. 277492Highest measured interrupt to DPC latency. What you want from your DAW software is to accurately measure both input and output latency of audio handling in your computer, and automatically compensate for this latency when placing audio. Audio Latency is the time it takes for your input, like a midi key press to get processed and returned to the output, like to hear the sound out of your monitors. Play around with the ASIO buffer size, assuming you're on Windows. Typically the easiest way of reducing latency is by doing the following:. I will develop webrtc app Peer to peer connection (Low latency technology is very important) Encrypt video and audio end to end (if this works slow down the connection put it as a parameter) Chat Shared screen sending documents on the chat configure all video and audio parameters (it is important to be able to disable all audio filters such as. Pico Oscilloscope Range. The Latency Bundle is a tool for measuring and compensating latency, purpose-built for Logic Pro. If something seems to go wrong, use SSH -vflag to get more debugging output. Dement; The Multiple Sleep Latency Test: What Does It Measure?, Sleep, Volume 5, Issue suppl_2, 1 September 1982, Pages S67–S72, h We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. A lot of this comes from developers trying to exploit the concurrency possible in modern systems. System latency is additive, so each step in the processing chain adds a portion to the overall transmission latency. TestMy Latency is different and tests at the transport layer. The original and captured video are displayed on the monitor. For the absolute best performance, add a Fairlight Audio Accelerator to your system! You’ll get blazing performance with amazing sub-millisecond latency on all 1,000 tracks along with full real time processing of EQ, expander/gate, compressor and limiter dynamics, and up to 6 real time VST plug-ins per channel!. Even if the computer on your desk or lap isn’t particularly new or very fast. This is a standard measure of internet speed, not to be confused with megabytes (MB) which is a measure of size rather than bandwidth. The best way to define latency is as lag: the span of time between when a packet or group of packets is sent from a source to a destination, and it's usually measured in milliseconds (ms). the expected delay your “voice key” would have from subjects voice onset to when it could call PsychPortAudio(‘Start’) to play the perturbed feedback. Audio ahead by 5/60ths of a second. Because in addition to the optically visible latency of the pixels as a result of our mouse action, we can also measure the latency of the acoustic signal (e. A report from Superpowered suggests that the audio latency issue on the Nexus 6P has become worse after updating it to Android 8. Watch the application's CPU meter and note its approximate reading. 277492Highest measured interrupt to DPC latency. These events can be inside or outside of a computer. For a cable modem, this can normally be between 5 and 40 ms. At 64 sample buffer, total roundtrip I/O latency would be: 6 + 7 + 2*24 + 2*64 = 189 samples, which would equal about 4,3msec roundtrip latency, or 2,15ms one-way. Desktop apps can tolerate significantly more latency and jitter. Identifying network latency / jitter issues w/ Wireshark Posted on January 7, 2011 by David Vassallo Issue : sporadically and randomly clients would see jitter (picture freezing for a small number of seconds) when viewing live video streams such as BBC news. Words and phrases may overlap, causing users start talking over one another unintentionally. i need to measure the latency from camera to monitor please suggest me the possible way of set up. Latency is a networking term to describe the total time it takes a data packet to travel from one node to another. After Recording Latency, enter "50" milliseconds. Also, most practical applications will not use a loopback setup. measure the distance between the original pulse and the. Audio ahead by 5/60ths of a second. In headphones you want low-latency so the signal gets there quickly especially for watching movies or vid. Latency in the Analog Domain 6. Because the signal latency is only 32 milliseconds, which is unperceivable to the human ear, this Bluetooth transmitter works perfectly with TVs by ensuring the dialogue audio is always in sync with the image. It is a relative measure of the speed of your Internet connection, as it includes some Alexa communications. 1 Hz to 1 kHz. You can measure in+out audio latency together at most from my understanding. – hotpaw2 Feb 28 '15 at 8:38 @hotpaw2 a simulated guitar on an iPhone is a different instrument than a real guitar. Measuring latency. 1 developed by Magewell. For additional reference, this is an example of a device/driver that does not support low latency (notice that the lowest achievable latency in this case is ~75ms) ~Bala Sivakumar Program Manager, Windows Audio. The audio output of the receiver goes to the vertical input of the scope. Latency is the amount of time it takes for sound to travel from one call participant to another. The 396ms measurement for the lowest latency does include the 96ms for the SDR filtering. getContextAttributes(). You can set weight, fill mode, color and transparency of measurement and save measurement result. VoIP typically tolerates delays up to 150 ms before the quality of the call is unacceptable. Request PDF | Audio and Gesture Latency Measurements on Linux and OSX | We have measured the total system latencies of MacOS 10. These initially manifested as no more than audio dropouts, but eventually have begun to escalate into visual dragging, as well. Round-trip latency is calculated by inputting an audio signal into a device. Latency is always expressed in milliseconds (ms). It is a measure of the average amount of time it takes for a signal or data to travel through a path, usually measured in milliseconds. Measure the amount of audio processed. Environment. Latency, Jitter and Packet Loss. Measures the audio latency between the source pad and the sink pad by outputting period ticks on the source pad and measuring how long they take to arrive on the sink pad. For instrumentation I used an RME Fireface UFX USB audio interface, along with the FIRCapture measurement program. If you’re targeting Silverlight 1. This works well for relatively high frequencies, because many cycles are likely to be counted during gate interval. Audio Measure Audio Latency. Latency delays result in more Jitter. I have Studio One 3 installed. That measurement is referred to as the latency between the computer and its server. When the latency is low enough, the virtual world convincingly feels like you are simply rotating your view of a stable world. to/2RCNAAoFor Music: https://amzn. Measure the amount of audio processed. In the Measuring Broadband America study, latency was measured by sending a packet that is returned to the sender and the round-trip time is considered the latency. Latency: Almost never gets benchmarked, but just as important. It accomplishes this by providing two analog mono Inputs and Outputs (for monitoring), USB connectivity and an additional S/PDIF optical output. The “culprits” according to Latency Mon are USB bus and/or High Definition Audio (Realtek). In order to measure latency, your measurement device has to be able to accurately know the start and end times of the measurement. Other information. Don't average the values because it can hide spikes and intermediate latency problems. What you are experiencing is latency. One output goes to the receiver antenna input and the other output goes to the external trigger of the digital storage scope. Over the past couple decades, digital audio gear has become increasingly common in nearly every area of audio production and reinforcement. You should test your computer, tablet or mobile device to determine your ping rate. The result will be two identical signals, one delayed with respect to the other. You can see the audio jack on the. I couldn't detect any latency at all, which surprised me, so I, too, would be interested in learning more about latency compensation. Now it appears to be around the 100ms mark (I can't measure empirically but it's an educated guess). 001 second, which is 1 ms. Also, most practical applications will not use a loopback setup. Generally, I've found that they perform well when playing audio, and in most cases they work well for video too. the mouth-to-ear (M2E) latency measurement system presented in Ref. 8ms latency) and subtracted from each measurement in order to give a compensated result of the FM3's latency. Learn more about audio latency or the lag from audio from your device reaching your headphones. Too much latency causes callers to speak over the top of each other. amxd here is only one of several devices. To find out, run the command line in the operating system (OS) of your. At lower frequencies, very few cycles are counted, giving limited resolution. A new utility called In Depth Latency Tests has been added which allows you to perform tight loop latency tests that are best performed without running anything else in the background. I will develop webrtc app Peer to peer connection (Low latency technology is very important) Encrypt video and audio end to end (if this works slow down the connection put it as a parameter) Chat Shared screen sending documents on the chat configure all video and audio parameters (it is important to be able to disable all audio filters such as. It may help to find the cause for interruptions in real-time audio and video streams, also. On both Mac and Windows, you will enjoy access to very low buffer settings and extremely low I/O latency performance from your host audio software. When the latency is low enough, the virtual world convincingly feels like you are simply rotating your view of a stable world. It is not a midi latency issue with pressing a key or lagging note-to-sound issue with the Axiom keyboard, NI Mashine, or any other controller. Sometimes you need to measure latency and you also want to use Ableton Live. Following on from the initial testing and report investigating Audio Interface Low Latency Performance , over the last 12-18 months I have placed over 2 dozen interfaces on the bench and ran a suite of benchmarks across each individually to get a good overall grounding of the comparative Low Latency. Latency: Almost never gets benchmarked, but just as important. 2)Of course, there's latency from audio source (software) to the headphone jack, that's not what we are talking about here. However, there are two metrics that express latency. Learn more about audio latency or the lag from audio from your device reaching your headphones. Repeat steps 6 and 7. Its input and output System objects are efficient, low-latency, and they control all necessary parameters so that you can trade off between throughput and latency. End-to-end latency is as low as 30ms, and it supports bitrates of 400/600kbps and a max sample rate of 48kHz up to 24bits. 1 milliseconds,” says Kennington. Create a track with outputs set to the interface DO (i. Well, what a big rabbit hole this turned out to be. they claim accuracy within. The second type of latency is a mismatch between the timing of an audio recording and how it actually 'lands' on the multitrack in your digital audio workstation. Over the past couple decades, digital audio gear has become increasingly common in nearly every area of audio production and reinforcement. They tested the device to know about the progress that. 🎧 My favourite Headphones: For Gaming: https://amzn. 04 milliseconds. This work presents a detailed study, characterization, and measurement of video latency in a real-time video streaming application. Spearline server sends audio tones that, once received, are echoed back to the Spearline server. New technologies such as LLD and LLX will be a significant part of that. DPC latency tests done on the following configuration: Core 2 Duo 8400 3. It is this round-trip time is considered to be the latency. Audio I/O: Buffering, Latency, and Throughput. Jackknife-based method for measuring LRP onset latency differences - Volume 35 Issue 1 - JEFF MILLER, TUI PATTERSON, ROLF ULRICH. Wireless networking does not provide reliable connections to mobile users for real-time traffic such as voice over IP, audio streaming and video streaming. Latency: Sabrent USB’s (128 frames/period) LAN (<1ms ping) 42ms: Focusrite 2i2’s (128 frames/period) LAN (<1ms ping) 39ms: Sabrent USB’s (256 frames/period) EC2 (6-7ms ping) 79ms: Focusrite 2i2’s (256 frames/period) EC2 (6-7ms ping) 92ms: Sabrent USB’s (512 frames/period) EC2 (6-7ms ping) 155ms: Focusrite 2i2’s (512 frames/period) EC2 (6-7ms ping) 123ms. For a network administrator, measuring network jitter and knowing how to conduct a ping jitter test is an important part of their role. It measures only the combined effect of the two. 5ms here's how the interface looks:. Momentum will send a brief burst of noise to measure the round trip latency. to/2O6tM5VUse this test test to check your Audio - Video Sync and to. 5 - What is a twist ratio, and why is it important? Ch. There are various ways of obtaining a reliable measurement of system latency. By keeping latency this low in the hardware, the 112D helps minimize latency introduced by your host software. Optimizing Audio Latency and CPU Use in Reaper Picking up a thread from earlier where I described how to optimize audio latency from a more general perspective, I will now try to convey some of my best practical tips for battling audio latency in Reaper – especially in conjunction with VST amp sims. Connect your pair to see how. This option can be found in Preferences >> Audio. A direct-connectserial port at 4800 bps has a transmission delay of 2ms per byte, anda latency that is also 2ms. There's lots of ways that this can be done. Low round-trip audio latency is a strong indicator of how well any mobile device is optimized for professional audio. But latency is vital to a good online gaming experience—especially in fast-paced games like Call of Duty or Overwatch. The interrupt to process latency reflects the measured interval that a usermode process needed to respond to a hardware request from the moment the interrupt service routine started execution. to/2O6tM5VUse this test test to check your Audio - Video Sync and to. To measure latency, I used a true end-to-end test: I put my microphone and headphones very close, and Roger Day put his headphones right onto. Measure the performance of any mobile device immediately with the Superpowered Mobile Audio Latency Test App for Android and iOS. The environment and surrounding area where users are meeting and using audio and video devices is another big factor for audio and video quality. So minimizing latency in communications systems is critical, and for video and audio, you need to measure it in a black-box fashion from outside the system to be sure. Using the NVIDIA Reflex Latency Analyzer integrated in G-SYNC 360Hz Esports displays coming this Fall, you can measure end-to-end system latency, peripheral latency, and PC+Display latency. Latency is the measure of time it takes in milliseconds for your audio to pass through your computer during the. As I adjusted the mixer levels I immediately got reasonable-looking results, but with it ended with: "Systemic latency: 593 samples (13. These initially manifested as no more than audio dropouts, but eventually. Looks handy, and you know what this means: time to post some Windows driver/interface benchmarks ! Measure away, and let us know how it goes!. The environment and surrounding area where users are meeting and using audio and video devices is another big factor for audio and video quality. Setting the I/O Buffer Size 10. log('Low latency canvas not supported. GL has developed MAPS™ Timing Measurements in Air Traffic Management test suite to accurately simulate end points in ATM network and provide critical timing measurements for various types of delay occurrences in signaling and voice transmission through the network. Ping (Latency, Delay) A delay in sound transmission. RTL Utility RTL Utility is a tool for measuring the Round Trip Latency of your Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) and audio interface. Many VoIP providers have online tools, such as ping tests, that allow you to test your latency. It is designed as an on-field tool allowing design engineers and QA specialists accurately measure latency parameters in the AV systems. For example, an RME Fireface UC: Some versions of drivers come with different default buffer sizes. For example, when recording stereo audio at 44100Hz with 16-bit samples, filling a 1024 byte buffer takes 6ms. Boo!'); } Avoiding flicker. 25 kernel with low-latency patches), and. We measure base latency using a Bluetooth 4. TL;DR TCP has more speed bumps. To record or play audio, open a stream on the desired device with the desired audio parameters using pyaudio. How big is the difference? If RAM was an F-18 Hornet with a max speed of 1,190 mph (more than 1. To measure the latency of the Tympan, we need to inject an audio signal into the Tympan and then measure delay of the output audio relative to the input audio. It may help to find the cause for interruptions in real-time audio and video streams, also known as drop-outs. Since these latency Figure 10: Histograms of latency of QWERTY keyboard to results ranged only from 4 to 8ms, even if we assume that audio out latency for Pd under Linux (configured as this device has zero jitter, we know that our measurement described in section 3), using ALSA. Impulse Response view from the Continuous Sweep measurement in APx. However, sometimes you need to measure latencies added by components outside of your control, for instance the audio APIs provided by the operating system, the audio drivers, or even the hardware itself. Amplitude: vertical distance measured from the trough to the maximal peak (negative or positive). com Announces Second Quarter Sales up 29% to $12. Here is a small tool to measure the network round trip time. ‌AirPods‌ 1 measured in at 274ms between the time the sound was triggered and the time the sound was heard, then ‌AirPods‌ 2 was at 178ms, and ‌AirPods Pro‌ clocked in at 144ms. Mbps: Megabits per second. To measure the round trip latency you should run the test in a quiet place, turn up the volume on the speakers and device and ensure that you don't have headphones plugged in. Note: To measure your audio latency download Caustic 2 from the Play Store and press the menu button (has 3 horizontal lines). Also i should mention that if i switch the default sound output to built in audio, stuttering bug is not present. On macOS, the MOTU Pro Audio Core Audio driver provides similar high-bandwidth Thunderbolt I/O for Mac audio applications. SMI and CPU stall measuring removed from main utility The functionality to measure SMIs and CPU stalls has been removed from the main LatencyMon utility. If your latency is not 100 ms or less, use the. So latency is adjusted in your sound card so you don't see much about it in S1. Rick O'Rang loopback audio dongle together with an appropriate app such as the Dr Rick O’Rang Loopback app or Superpowered. DPC Latency Checker v. TL;DR TCP has more speed bumps. The term interrupt latency refers to the number of clock cycles required for a processor to respond to an interrupt request, this is typically a measure based on the number of clock cycles between the assertion of the interrupt request up to the cycle where the first instruction of the interrupt handler expected (figure 1). First, the symptoms of excessive latency can be hard to isolate, and the causes obscure: the deployment of passive and ac-tive measurements of latency is crucial to any ef-. To use it, download the LatencyMeter Live Project from the download link, the combination of several devices is the actual meter software - MeterAudio. System latency is additive, so each step in the processing chain adds a portion to the overall transmission latency. Zoom in and measure the delay in milliseconds directly, or take the measurement in samples and calculate the latency by dividing by the sampling rate. It's basically the amount of time between when audio data leaves your device, and when you actually hear it. For a DSL modem this is normally 10 to 70ms. Latency tuning is a complex topic requiring a wide and deep understanding of networking, kernel organization, CPU and platform performance, and thread synchronization. I have high DPC Latency measuring an excessive +4000μs. In order to measure latency, your measurement device has to be able to accurately know the start and end times of the measurement. We measure the latency of a first-class letter in days. See full list on source. It accomplishes this by providing two analog mono Inputs and Outputs (for monitoring), USB connectivity and an additional S/PDIF optical output. How do you measure network latency in Windows ? I know ping as one of the tool. The etymology of the word “ping” goes back to World War II, when it was used as the technical term for the sonar signal that submarines would send to measure their distance to another vessel in the ocean. What is Latency? 3. To measure the worst case scheduler latency of a particular kernel modification, I first needed to generate a heavy system load. LatencyMeter app measures the real-world Round Trip Latency (RTL) of a given iOS audio system*. Important note: When measuring response time or transaction latency, use at least one external monitoring tool to confirm your measurements are correct. By measuring the difference in the position of the two waveforms in the software’s timeline, the “offset value” can be determined for the specific converter, sample rate, and buffer setting. ‌AirPods‌ 1 measured in at 274ms between the time the sound was triggered and the time the sound was heard, then ‌AirPods‌ 2 was at 178ms, and ‌AirPods Pro‌ clocked in at 144ms. I currently work on a. "You see it in the privacy label on the iPhone app placed in the App Store and you see it in sort of how we. When audio data arrives “late”, time is supposed to “stop” until the data arrives. There is an inherent delay with a bluetooth audio connection compared to a wired one, to which I'm referring when I say latency. It is designed as an on-field tool for video and audio equipment designers and QA specialist to get fast understanding what are to latency. However, there are two metrics that express latency. The buffer size is defined in Live's audio preferences. Since these latency Figure 10: Histograms of latency of QWERTY keyboard to results ranged only from 4 to 8ms, even if we assume that audio out latency for Pd under Linux (configured as this device has zero jitter, we know that our measurement described in section 3), using ALSA. Previous research has reported measurements of the latency of the whole audio processing chain based on a “blackbox” approach. This is a common degree of latency and a good place to start, although the exact amount of time varies by machine. A traditional, non-SDR radio using mumble would therefore measure close to 300ms latency. For more details see our “Realiser Exchange – a new Virtual Audio Exchange website” document. What this does is force the PulseAudio system to resynchronize the audio being sent to your headset/speakers by switching profiles from ad2p -> hsp -> a2dp, thus hopefully getting rid of any latency. Test your network latency, download and upload speed to Azure datacenters around the world. This represents the audio cursor; we’ll call this X. amxd here is only one of several devices. Since these latency Figure 10: Histograms of latency of QWERTY keyboard to results ranged only from 4 to 8ms, even if we assume that audio out latency for Pd under Linux (configured as this device has zero jitter, we know that our measurement described in section 3), using ALSA. Measures the audio latency between the source pad and the sink pad by outputting period ticks on the source pad and measuring how long they take to arrive on the sink pad. This guide features a number of common issues faced when playing audio in Windows 10 and a possible […]. In the Measuring Broadband America study, latency was measured by sending a packet that is returned to the sender and the round-trip time is considered the latency. We send the stream to Origin and make a few screenshots when the stream plays on the Edge1 server. To determine actual latency using the COMMA_ALIGN_LATENCY register, use the following procedure: Latency = 2*Internal Data Width + DRP value from COMMA_ALIGN_LATENCY register. A combination of tweaking the sensor hardware layout, improving the Arduino firmware, and configuring PC software for low-latency audio was needed to aceive acceptable levels. 1 Experiment Setup. It may help to find the cause for interruptions in real-time audio and video streams, also. Smaller processing window 3. For the test we took an aged IP camera D-link DCS-2103 with the support for RTSP and H. Latency is introduced by your device when it processes audio and communicates with hardware such as speakers and microphones. While Windows 10 brings many considerable improvements to audio and video features and performance, it also appears to have its share of bugs and idiosyncrasies. system latency is higher than basic I/O devices, however the total system latency of the Studio 192 is en par with other devices with similar plugin processing, high-quality audio converters, and high simultaneous input and output configurations. Well, what a big rabbit hole this turned out to be. Here are some comparisons between USB and Thunderbolt latency between our (Focusrite) Clarett TBT and Scarlett/Clarett USB interfaces. Looks handy, and you know what this means: time to post some Windows driver/interface benchmarks! Measure away, and let us know how it goes! Keep in mind, you can take advantage of everyone's favorite Windows driver,. As the MOS is a prediction of the end-user experience of audio quality, it is important to constantly measure it. Multiple button presses are combined to calculate an average. 8:10 Constant latency mode = 4. Understanding the Challenge of Latency Optimization. Because in addition to the optically visible latency of the pixels as a result of our mouse action, we can also measure the latency of the acoustic signal (e. On Dec 16, 12:51 pm, Glenn Kasten wrote: > The Nexus S phone does not claim the > android. It measures only the combined effect of the two. Measuring Speed and Response Time to Defeat Latency April 08, 2020 More than half (65%) of organizations measure the cost of speed and response time on their business, highlighting how defeating latency is key to an organization's success, according to the Infinity Data report from Hazelcast commissioned in collaboration with Intel. To find out, run the command line in the operating system (OS) of your. 4) Undertake a single (or stereo) speaker measurement in your own home. low_latency feature, as seen by adb shell pm. This should be exceedingly useful in IoT applications in which devices – sensors, for example – need to communicate small amounts of data rapidly. Network jitter causes packets to be sent at irregular intervals. All the effects were switched off for the test, of course. Hello guys, i need a suggesation for the measurement of latency between my camera and monitor. But despite these issues, it can be minimized so the problem is no longer noticeable. This “TH Latency Measurement” Max for Live patch allow you to measure the latency between 2 channels. Some devices and setups have lower latency than others, but even the world’s best recording studio has to deal with latency somehow. Measuring Latency with a Ping Test. Latency is typically not an issue except in applications such as telesurgery and robotics where response time or visual or au-dio feedback is important. Geostationary satellite latency and time delay ms Most communications satellites are located in the Geostationary Orbit (GSO) at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km above the equator. LatencyTOP focuses on the cases where the applications want to run and execute useful code, but there's some resource that's not currently available (and the kernel. Also, most practical applications will not use a loopback setup. It is this round-trip time is considered to be the latency. However, sometimes you need to measure latencies added by components outside of your control, for instance the audio APIs provided by the operating system, the audio drivers, or even the hardware itself. 28ms perbyte, but a latency of 100ms, 50 times worse than the 4800 bps serialconnection. Measuring jitter. Different codecs deal with imperfect networks better or worse, modern codecs like RTAudio and Silk dealing better with network issues than older codecs like G711. edu on the difference between ICMP ping and TCP ping. 6:50 Latency measured = 2. I2S input to audio output: it include both transition and DSP process latency. The etymology of the word “ping” goes back to World War II, when it was used as the technical term for the sonar signal that submarines would send to measure their distance to another vessel in the ocean. Latency Output latency is measured as the time delay between the time of generation of an audio frame in MATLAB and the time Input latency is measured as the time delay between the time that audio enters the sound card and the time that the. Latency is an important system performance metric. Lower latency confers significant benefits to users of all sorts of apps like games, augmented hearing apps, VOIP and other interactive apps. A number of methods are used to measure jitter, including mean packet delay variation and mean absolute packet delay variation. Whenever you connect and notice the lag, you should press the keyboard shortcut chosen above to attempt to fix the latency -- hopefully it works. Sarah Dibble, Executive advisor, Gartner Read our whitepaper and see the impact of voice latency on business growth. Audio latency measurement for desktop operating systems with onboard soundcards Yonghao Wang1, Ryan Stables2, and Joshua Reiss3 1 Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK yonghao. VAE end-to-end latency is an example of an interval between two external events where the first event is the user crossing a threshold and the second. Make sure that the Jitter value stays under 50ms, the packet loss as close as 0% as you can and of course the latency under the 100 milliseconds. MacKenzie and. Most of the services have latency between 20ms and 30ms. Leatrix Latency Fix reduces your online gaming latency by increasing the frequency of TCP acknowledgements sent to the game server. High latency is oftentimes referred to as lag. The capture software is Capture Express V2. VoIP typically tolerates delays up to 150 ms before the quality of the call is unacceptable. A latency measurement is only meaningful if you know two other values: Sample Rate and Buffer Size. My primary goal was to measure and improve haptic latency. For more details see our “Realiser Exchange – a new Virtual Audio Exchange website” document. 10 loops, best of 3: 24. Some concern has been raised that the latency inherent in a digital system can degrade the perceived quality of the audio and even affect the musician’s ability to perform. Roundtrip latency in digital-audio applications is the amount of time it takes for a signal, such as a singing voice or a face-melting guitar solo, to get from an analog input on an audio interface, through the analog-to-digital converters, into a DAW, back to the interface, and through the digital-to-analog converters to the analog outputs. The Latency Bundle is a tool for measuring and compensating latency, purpose-built for Logic Pro. The smallest unit it can measure is 0. At this height the satellites go around the earth in a west to east direction at the same angular speed at the earth's rotation, so they appear to be almost. You can set weight, fill mode, color and transparency of measurement and save measurement result. really simple program to use, you select your audio ASIO driver, select the number of audio samples, the sampling rate and input levels, then this utility measures the latency of your audio hardware from input to output. I guess this is cool to have for informational purposes, results were actually better than I expected. We measure base latency using a Bluetooth 4. This proce-dure, which is similar to the one used by Miller et al. Since these latency Figure 10: Histograms of latency of QWERTY keyboard to results ranged only from 4 to 8ms, even if we assume that audio out latency for Pd under Linux (configured as this device has zero jitter, we know that our measurement described in section 3), using ALSA. We recommend < 3 ms in jitter. amxd here is only one of several devices. Normally expressed in kilobits per second (kbps). 2)Of course, there's latency from audio source (software) to the headphone jack, that's not what we are talking about here. com Announces Second Quarter Sales up 29% to $12. It made no significant difference to the result. 001 second, which is 1 ms. Ultra low-latency performance for virtually instant response on stage or when tracking in the studio. If you use GStreamer, you can use the latency tracer to measure how much latency filter1 adds, filter2 adds, and so on. The response is often a change in what’s displayed on the screen, or what’s heard through audio feedback. In other words, the server sends the client, in each update, the value of the server's clock and the client adopts that value as its clock. Few people realize that Apple iOS devices have some of the best audio digital-to-analog converters and low-impedance headphone amplifiers available at any price. Measure the performance of any mobile device immediately with the Superpowered Mobile Audio Latency Test App for Android and iOS. Measure Transcription Latency. Latency is a key part of the user experience, which is why it is one of the pillars of the cable industry's 10G strategy. But despite these issues, it can be minimized so the problem is no longer noticeable. Tcp Latency Tcp Latency. Latency Output latency is measured as the time delay between the time of generation of an audio frame in MATLAB and the time Input latency is measured as the time delay between the time that audio enters the sound card and the time that the. plications such as audio and video conferencing, as well as on the perception of responsiveness of many other applications. The second type of latency is a mismatch between the timing of an audio recording and how it actually 'lands' on the multitrack in your digital audio workstation. You should test your computer, tablet or mobile device to determine your ping rate. 10 loops, best of 3: 24. 5 - How is latency measured, and in what unit? Ch. Setting the I/O Buffer Size 10. Cellular, Voice-over-IP, Satellite and other phone service customers may call the service to test to see how much audio delay, if any, is introduced by the given telephony service to which they subscribe. DEFINITIONS: Latency is the time it takes the RTP (media) packets to traverse the network. 28ms perbyte, but a latency of 100ms, 50 times worse than the 4800 bps serialconnection. Notes in addition to commentary, the phase-cancellation test did factor in the latency of the return signal, delaying the reference, I just didn't mention it. Repeat steps 6 and 7. For example, an RME Fireface UC: Some versions of drivers come with different default buffer sizes. See full list on developer. The device and software processing latency, along with network latency, have a great impact on and contribute to the end-to-end overall latency and the end user's experience. Thesycon’s DPC Latency Checker is a Windows tool that analyses the capabilities of a computer system to handle real-time data streams properly. First, the default iOS Keyboard as it's probably the most common place people encounter this issue. Differences in latency. It’s supposed to be faster and provide lower-latency recording than something like PulseAudio. Set the buffers inside your particular MIDI + Audio application to a high latency of about 23ms and then start playback of an existing song. On both Mac and Windows, you will enjoy access to very low buffer settings and extremely low I/O latency performance from your host audio software. FreqMeasure: best for 0. The ticks have a period of 1 second, so this element can only measure latencies smaller than that. The minimal latency was obtained through manual testing of a variety of buffer settings to determine the optimal settings for each system. A stopwatch application developed by Magewell is running on the Macbook. A loopback. Symphony 64 | ThunderBridge is for the audio professional seeking the highest channel count, lowest latency, and highest quality Thunderbolt audio solution for the Mac based studio. Its a arguably an expensive fix for something that SHOULD work out of the box. In Cubase go into Devices/Device Setup and click on VST Multitrack. Test your network latency, download and upload speed to Azure datacenters around the world. To get a general measurement of one-way delay, measure round-trip delay and divide the result by two. First, the default iOS Keyboard as it's probably the most common place people encounter this issue. RS 175) are great in terms of audio quality, but up to 45 ms latency indeed seems unacceptable for monitoring a musical instrument. Agent latency= Overall Latency – PSTN Latency = 472-125. How slow your Network connection? Does everything you do on the net from your phone take for ever? Have you checked how long the latency is? In many Operators network the system is overloaded so everything goes slowly. Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) generally sends keyframe for every 10 seconds and the latency will increase to 30 sec because the player needs 3 segments to start to play. At this height the satellites go around the earth in a west to east direction at the same angular speed at the earth's rotation, so they appear to be almost. 11n router yields the following results. Differences in latency. To use it, download the LatencyMeter Live Project from the download link, the combination of several devices is the actual meter software - MeterAudio. Latency is the delay in transit as an audio signal performs a trip through your interface. To measure the latency of the Tympan, we need to inject an audio signal into the Tympan and then measure delay of the output audio relative to the input audio. End-to-end latency is as low as 30ms, and it supports bitrates of 400/600kbps and a max sample rate of 48kHz up to 24bits. Latency is a key part of the user experience, which is why it is one of the pillars of the cable industry's 10G strategy. RTL Utility RTL Utility is a tool for measuring the Round Trip Latency of your Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) and audio interface. A new utility called In Depth Latency Tests has been added which allows you to perform tight loop latency tests that are best performed without running anything else in the background. FreqMeasure: best for 0. MIDI control of target notes that lets you define target pitches in real-time during performance. The capture software is Capture Express V2. FreqCount measures the number of cycles that occur during a fixed "gate interval" time. Technically, it measures the latency between an activate command on a row and issuing the precharge command on that same row or the minimum time between opening and closing the row. The method can be used with both stimulus- and response-locked LRPs, and simulations indicate that it provides accurate estimates of onset latency differences in many common experimental conditions. This option can be found in Preferences >> Audio. 321766Average measured interrupt to process latency (µs): 9. The Digital Audio I/O Path - Part 2 9. I found the latency slider and moved it all the way to the left. I did some tests quite recently by playing back audio on one track through phono cables between the UA-3FX's output and input and recording on another track. Latency is a measurement of the delays incurred as your audio file data travels through the Source. Latency is introduced by your device when it processes audio and communicates with hardware such as speakers and microphones. DPC Latency Checker v. The Digital Audio I/O Path - Part 1 8. Handover latency in Mobile IPv6 poses many challenges to the research world in terms of disconnecting users while roaming. There are two normal factors that significantly influence the latency of a consumer device (like a cable modem, dsl modem or dial-up modem). Specifically, I measure the audio latency by using Audacity to measure the time difference in the sound of the mouse click and the resulting sound from this action (in the case of BF4, time difference between mouse click and hearing the gun shot in the Test Range). A method based on measurement of audio latency and comparison of pattern generated by each mobile phone hand set at the time of recording has been developed. To determine actual latency using the COMMA_ALIGN_LATENCY register, use the following procedure: Latency = 2*Internal Data Width + DRP value from COMMA_ALIGN_LATENCY register. Network jitter causes packets to be sent at irregular intervals. After lots of googling found a very unexpected solution: there are a number of so called "gaming" wireless headphones on the market. As a latency measuring system's audio sensors 901 can be connected to a system's computational engine 201 by a long physical wire or wirelessly, a system's audio sensors 901 can also be easily placed proximate to a test device's audio feedback components to ensure the most accurate readings of a test device's audial response. We have some amazing plugins in development, but for now all we have available is RTL Utility, a tool for measuring audio device latency. Some concern has been raised that the latency inherent in a digital system can degrade the perceived quality of the audio and even affect the musician’s ability to perform. To use it, download the LatencyMeter Live Project from the download link, the combination of several devices is the actual meter software - MeterAudio. Because the signal latency is only 32 milliseconds, which is unperceivable to the human ear, this Bluetooth transmitter works perfectly with TVs by ensuring the dialogue audio is always in sync with the image. Our Razer Hammerhead True Wireless Earbuds have an industry low latency connection, so your audio stays synced with no stutters. This is a common degree of latency and a good place to start, although the exact amount of time varies by machine. On the left is the local video from the zero-latency camera, and on the right is the video that came to the player via CDN. Measuring Speed and Response Time to Defeat Latency April 08, 2020 More than half (65%) of organizations measure the cost of speed and response time on their business, highlighting how defeating latency is key to an organization's success, according to the Infinity Data report from Hazelcast commissioned in collaboration with Intel. The Latency Detector is a tool to measure delay times and analyse latency. to/2O6tM5VUse this test test to check your Audio - Video Sync and to.